“Jem smiled. ‘He’s not supposed to lean, Reverend, but don’t fret, we’ve won it,’ he said wisely. ‘Don’t see how any jury could convict on what we heard.’ ‘Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man….’” Chapter 21 Page 279
Here, Jem is speaking to Reverend Sykes about the case. From Jem’s perspective, he thinks that with all of the evidence in his favor, it would be shocking if Tom wasn’t set free. Reverend Sykes then responds by telling Jem not to get his hopes up. The jury on this case is clearly very biased because it consists of only white men. There is little representation supporting Tom.
Even today, there is some racial discrimination when it comes to jury selection. This racial bias is especially common in more serious cases. Bryan Stevenson, the executive director of EJI (the Equal Justice Initiative), thinks that this racial bias is negatively affecting the integrity of our nation’s legal system. He said, “The under representation and exclusion of people of color from juries has seriously undermined the credibility and reliability of the criminal justice system, and there is an urgent need to end this practice.” During the 1930s, all women and colored men were excluded from jury duty. Today, there is a more organized and systematic way of selecting juries for cases. However, there is still some racial bias that goes on during this process.
This part of the book exhibits the themes of the damage done by racism, and the thought that there isn’t always equality for all under the law. The jury that is on Tom Robinson’s case is quite tendentious, it is made up of all white males. The fact that no African Americans could participate in the trial affected the outcome. Clearly, African Americans and other minorities weren’t offered equal opportunities as those of white men during this time. This represents both the damage done by racism, and how there is not equality for all under the law in this country.
I agree with your theme choice here, Kathryn. Firstly, the United States constitution grants their citizens a jury of their peers, which means people who have similar backgrounds and experiences. Tom was not granted this, he was granted racism and no mercy.
“I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man….”
In this scene, Reverend Sykes tells this to Jem and Scout when Jem expresses how he believes that Atticus is sure to win the case. Reverend Sykes is rightfully skeptical of Atticus’ best work’s success.
Unfortunately, in this time period, Reverend Syke’s statement is accurate in reflecting the trends of the time period in which this book takes place. During the 1930’s, African Americans were disrespected and thought of as inferior to whites. Now, I believe that our generation is much more educated on how we can affect other’s lives. For example, schools never used to teach kids about bullying and it’s effects. Now, however, we have units on how to prevent bullying and similar offenses. For this reason, I think the effects of racism have diminished. I believe that if we made a jury of children from our generation and other young generations, the decisions of the jury would be fair.
Sadly, even if our jury’s decisions are fair based on our standards, they might not be fair based on standards of the future. What makes the jury in the 1930’s unfair is that individuals in the jury know that African Americans are people, too. But, they still treat them as lesser. Therefore, I believe that nowadays, the effects of racism are less, but they still exist, and that in the future, they may seem more obvious and severe.
This scene directly reflects how the American legal system has not always been fair. It explains how if a white man and a black man are pitted against each other in a case, the white man’s word will overpower the black man’s. This is not fair at all because each man is supposed to have an equal say, and each man is supposed to have an equal chance at winning the case. It is not fair at all that a white man has the majority of the ability to dictate in which direction the case will move. This particular case, the Tom Robinson case, is a perfect example of how one man’s words may have a greater effect than another’s. This is because Tom Robinson’s word was going against Bob Ewell’s. Due to lack of evidence, Tom Robinson should have been found innocent, but instead, even without irrefutable evidence, he was found guilty only because of two white peoples’ lies. (Pg. 279, Paragraph 7)
“A jury never looks at a defendant it has convicted, and when this jury came in, not one of them looked at Tom Robinson.”
This scene describes when the jury enters the room after reaching a verdict. They had decided Tom Robinson was guilty.
I’ve never been in the situation that the jury is in because I’m not old enough to be sent in for jury duty or anything of the sort. However, I have been sent to deliver bad news before. When I need to tell somebody something bad, I can’t look them in the eye. I always look at the ground or away. I think this is because if I look them in the eye, it symbolically makes it real. I don’t want it to be real, so I look away. Looking away makes the bad news seem like it’s all a dream. In other words, I don’t have the nerve to deliver bad news in a confident manner. I squirm and can’t take the pressure.
For this reason, I think the true definition of courage is owning up to one’s decisions. The jury should have the nerve to look at Tom no matter what decision they’ve reached. If they can’t look at Tom, it means that they think they made a bad choice. If one decides to do something mean, they must own up to facing the consequences that come along with it. The jury, even though it was subconsciously done, was cowardly and weak. They should be able to look Tom in the eye and tell him that he deserves to die if that’s what they believe. They shouldn’t act skittish and avoid contact from the ripple effects they have created. The true definition of courage is not being embarrassed of things you’ve done. (Pg. 282, Paragraph 3)
Hi Abby, I can totally relate to not wanting to look someone in the eye when you have to tell them something bad. What confuses me is that if the jury didn't want to look at Tom and they felt guilty, then why didn't they let him go? I think that the jury knew their decision was wrong, but they were being biased and racist by siding with Mr. Ewell.
“Mr. Jem,” Reverend Sykes demurred, “this ain’t a polite thing for little ladies to hear…” Page 279
In this scene, Jem is talking to Reverend Sykes, the pastor of an African-American church in Maycomb, about his ideas and knowledge on rape. In this excerpt, Reverend Sykes hushes Jem because Scout, an innocent young girl, is present. Scout claims to know what they are saying when she actually does not.
I strongly agree with Reverend Sykes in that some subjects should not be heard by young children. Even though Scout does not understand what they are talking about, she should not be exposed to such horrible things at such a young age. Many parents today try to protect their children from learning about disturbing events that they don’t have the capacity to understand. When I was younger, there were times where my parents would make me leave the room during a “grown-up” discussion. I would always find it rather agitating because I felt like I was old enough to stay. Only as I grew older I finally realized that they made me exit for my own good. They were trying to protect me from the evils of the world. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, tries to stop other children from losing their innocence at a young age like he was forced to do. Reverend Sykes tries to preserve Scout’s innocence also.
This scene reflects the theme of the importance of home and family. Scout’s brother, Jem, and others in the community, such as Reverend Sykes, try to protect the Scout from hearing about the serious issues present in the town. She is not mature enough to be exposed to such grim problems. Many people are upset that Scout, Jem, and Dill attended the trial of Tom Robinson because they felt the subject was inappropriate for minors.
"I shut my eyes. Judge Taylor was polling the jury: “Guilty… guilty… guilty… guilty…” I peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each “guilty” was a separate stab between them." page 282. In this scene, Judge Taylor reads off the jury's decision that Tom is guilty of rape. Atticus leaves the court room knowing he has lost a case where his client was innocent. This relates to the theme of the damage done by racism. Tom loses the case just because he is a black man in front of a racist-all-white-jury. I am not surprised at the outcome of the trial. I didn't think Tom and Atticus could win because I knew from the beginning that Maycomb was severely segregated. Tom never stood a chance in that court room and it's not fair.
I agree with you. It is completely unfair that Tom was accused of being guilty just because he is black. He had evidence that he did not rape Mayella Ewell, but the jury does not believe him. Tom should have had an equal chance at winning the case when he first went in to court, but everyone knew he would be convicted in the end.
I agree completely. Clearly, the jury on Tom's case is completely biased and prejudiced and this fact impacted the entire outcome of the case. I believe that to determine a fair outcome, there needs to be a diverse jury with many different views.
“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” page 279
In this scene, Jem feels confident that Tom is not guilty, but Reverend Sykes tells Jem Finch that it is likely that Atticus will still lose the case. This is because a black man rarely wins over a white man. Atticus is the attorney for a colored man named Tom Robinson.
I found an article that is similar to this scene in To Kill a Mockingbird. In the article a black boy was shot by a white police man which was unnecessary. He did commit a crime but did not deserve to be killed for it. Michael Brown stole a box of cigars from a local convenient store, for that he should have been arrested and sent to court. The man was “shot on site” which is not justice. Both stories show that there is not justice for all under the United States law.
The theme represented in this scene is is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? Toms point of view in this scene sounded more reliable than Mayellas which makes me wonder, why would the jury rather convict an innocent black man than admit that a white girl lied and made a mistake? It is sad that Tom Robinson was accused of rape just because of his skin color. During this time period, there was not justice for all under the law in the United States. Both defendants, Mayella and Tom, should have had an equal opportunity to win the case, but Tom unfortunately had a disadvantage because he is colored. There is no where near enough evidence to prove that Tom committed this crime, yet the jury still believes he is guilty.
I agree with your theme choice here. It is sickening to think that Tom was convicted of rape just because of the color of his skin. This is very similar to the case in Ferguson, Missouri.
“I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” Page 279
In this scene Reverend Sykes is telling this to Jem and Scout when Jem says that he believes that Atticus will win the case. However Reverend Sykes seem to disagree with what Jem is thinking.
Sadly, Reverend Sykes is right, during the 1930s there was rarely ever a colored man who won a case in court. African Americans were so disrespected and treated unfairly, and I am disgraced to be apart of a country that discriminated these people so badly. We ruined that generation because we thought that because they had a different colored skin that they are different from us and that they are a lesser human being than us.
This scene reflects to two themes; Is there really justice for all under the law in the United States, and the damage done by racism. As Reverend Sykes explained, he has never seen a colored man win in court, that is because the system back then was one sided and racist. Atticus even knew that it was hopeless to fight for a colored man when he first took the case. But, he didn’t care, he stood with Tom the whole time not giving in one bit.
I agree with your opinions on how disgraceful the discrimination in the U.S. was. Although we still have discrimination today, we have come such a long way from where we used to be. There are groups that monitor the fairness of things like trials and elections today, which helps us to be more fair people.
“Then he left the courtroom, but not by his usual exit. He must have wanted to go home the short way, because he walked quickly down the middle aisle toward the south exit” Pg: 282 L:32
After returning to the court , all people including jury and the judge , immediately the foreman handed a piece of paper to Mr. Tate who handed it to the clerk who handed it to the judge. Everyone was very nervous but nobody more than how Jem was he hoped that Tom Robinson was declared innocent. But then the judge began to count the votes and the first votes that the judge read was guilty, guilty, guilty, perhaps the disappointment of hearing the first part of the vote made Atticus abandoned the room, was an event that surprised everyone.
If I were Atticus i would probably do the same, the simple reason that he exposed to the jury the lack of evidence, the difference of testimonies between the victims, and after he gave the last speech of equality between people of the different colors and equal rights. Seeing that I could not convince the public of the innocence of someone like Atticus, I would left the room too, but not to escape was just that would give me shame of seeing all the black public, lose hope that someday they could be treated equally as Atticus had told them. Something that perhaps torment Atticus was that an innocent man would pay in jail.
The theme that connect to this scene are the damage done by racism, to realize that the first votes declared guilty to Tom, knowing what Atticus said at the end of the trial was not served at all, Atticus didn't achieved that the jury can see the right side, since the absence of evidence they chose to believe what white witnesses said , although is was a lie, they didn't take into account what Tom said and what he assure that he never would harm a white woman, as what Reverend Sykes said “I ain't ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man" Pg: 279 L: 17 , the jury in Maycomb never chose the side of justice, they saw only what was convenient for them.
I agree, Atticus was upset by the biased and racist jurors. If Tom had been white then it would have been a fair trial and most likely Tom and Atticus would have won the case.
I agree with you. It is insane how people could send a man to be killed just because of the fact that this man's skin color was darker than everyone else's. Hopefully that won't still happen in our courts today.
It seems like the only crime Tom Robinson has committed was being African-American. That is why Mr. Ewell took advantage because he knew that there was nothing to save Tom from making him guilty.
“ I toyed with the idea of asking everyone below to concentrate on setting Tom Robinson free, but thought if they were as tired as I, it wouldn’t work. Top of page 281
In this scene Scout, Dill and Jem are at the courthouse watching the trial unravel itself. Jem said that if perhaps you concentrated on one thing, for example setting a tree on fire. Jem continued on and said that it would eventually ignite on its own accord. This means if you concentrated on one area the idea would catch. Scout was hopeful of her father and of the outcoming of the trail. She would have concentrated on everyone in court to let Tom go free.
In this case, of Scout being so young, I thought it was a good thing for her to be hopeful. She knew adults could be cruel as of Mr. Nathan plugging the tree. The little hope inside of her wanted so badly for the jury to let Tom free. If I was in Scouts position I would have relied on my hope to make me think everything would be fine. But also since she is so young Scout would not have caught everything that actually happened during court.
This quote connects to the damage done by racism. Even though Scout was hopeful and wanted to ask everyone to let Tom go free, she said it herself it wouldn’t work. Not just because she was tired and thought it wouldn’t work; But also the underlying issue of racism had turned its ugly face one again. Even if Scout asked everyone, they wouldn’t have agreed with Scout. Most of the town was racist, and only white men were on the jury. Every case with a black man in it was know to be told guilty. The people in Macomb wouldn’t change their racist opinions.
“Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing” pg.283
In this scene, the judges delivered a guilty verdict. Atticus stood up and began to walk through the courtroom. He notice that everyone in the colored balcony rises in a gesture of respect.
I strongly disagree in jurors’ decision because Atticus defended Tom very well but they let him understand that all blacks are criminals. It is a kind of stereotype that whites have had and stills. Today, they used to accuse or discriminates not only African Americans but Hispanic people as well. It is a thing that never ends because some of North Americans are not happy with us invading their lands.
The true definition of courage is the theme that connects to this scene. The people on the balcony have great respect for Atticus due to how deeply he pursued the case and how well he defended Tom. Atticus worked to let the truth be known and he never gave up.
Hi Maria, I think that many of the people in the courtroom respected Atticus for going against racism and standing up for Tom. Atticus stood up for Tom, but when he was leaving the people stood up for him.
I completely agree with you. Although there was little hope for Tom Robinson being proved innocent, they blacks respect all that Atticus has done for them. I also disagree with the jurors decision, but with the racism at the time, many whites could not see through race.
I agree as well with the jurors decision, Atticus did make a strong argument. I believe Atticus is also very courageous for standing up for Tom Robinson, not only because he has to but because he wants to.
The African-American people who went to the trial of Tom Robinson recognize that even in defeat, Atticus has done his best. Atticus made it clear to the jury that Tom was innocent but they based their final decision on Tom's skin.
“I ain't ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man... “ Chapter 21 page 279.
In this text Reverend Sykes is talking to Jem. Jem is confident that the jury would not convict, but the Reverend is older and wiser and knows differently. Jem innocently believes his father will always come out on top. He has not had enough life experience to face racism.
Today we hope that the majority sitting on a jury have come along way since they setting of when this book takes place. Many strides have been made in our country to overcome racism but if you follow the news you will still hear about discrimination
The text to theme connection is that of damage done by racism. The men on the jury are un educated and most likely never personally known a African American. Racism was a main factor in the jury deciding Tom’s fate.
I agree with you, Liam. Tom's fate was mainly determined by the racism within the jury. It is really terrible that they could not set aside their racist mindset, even when someones life was on the line.
I completely agree with you Liam. The white men in the jury did not base their decisions off of the facts. Instead, they rather see a black man suffer for something that he did not even do. Though many think racism is gone, it is still in our world today, affecting many.
I completely agree, Liam. Jem is too young and innocent to understand what role Tom's race will have in the final verdict. He clearly has not been exposed to such extreme racism in his town yet at this point in the book.
“‘Miss Jean Louise?’ I looked around. They were all standing. All around us and in the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet. Reverend Sykes voice was as distant as Judge Taylor’s: ‘Mrs. Jean Louise, stand up. Your father’s passin’.’” Chapter 21 Page 283
In this section of the story, the trial has just ended, and Atticus is walking towards the exit of the courthouse. All of the African Americans who attended the trial are sitting in the back, or in the balcony. As Atticus is passing by, they all stand to show him how much respect they have for him.
Standing up as somebody is walking by is a symbol of respect. This is a symbol of appreciation and courtesy. The black community understands what Atticus has been through during the duration of the trial. They know what a courageous man he is. Defending Tom was a very brave and humble thing for Atticus to do. He put both himself, and his family in danger while doing so. Yet, all the remarks and opinions of those who disapproved didn’t affect his beliefs and opinions. Just as the African American crowd stood for Atticus, U.S. citizens stand for the President as he enters into a room. The President is the highest level of authority in the United States, and although it is not necessary to agree with every view he has, he must be respected.
The theme that connects to this scene is the true definition of courage. Atticus himself possesses so much courage. Rather than being intimidated by the consequences of working for Tom, he believes that every lawyer has a case sometime in their career which is more difficult than others, and that this is his. The African American people acknowledge this courage and they honor him because of it.
“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” page 279
During this scene, Reverend Sykes is explaining to Jem about how he thinks that the jury is racist and biased. He believes that it is highly unlikely for a jury full of white men to rule in favor of a colored man
Today, a jury or one juror can still be biased towards the defendant. I believe that if someone on the jury has a lot in common with the defendant, then that juror may rule in favor of the person being tried. For example, religion can have an impact on a decision, because the jury may feel a connection with the defendant. It can also go the other way, people may rule in favor of the prosecutor, because they don’t like the defendant or they may be able to relate more with the prosecutor. The themes in this chapter are the damage done by racism and justice for all under the law. Reverend Sykes doubts that Tom will not be convicted. He has lost hope in the judicial system and in the people of Maycomb, who only believe Bob Ewell because he is white. The jury gave hope to the entire courtroom, because they were discussing the trial for such a long time. When they returned Scout said that it was "dreamlike". Nobody was really surprised at the outcome, but they were disappointed.
"Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passin'." page 283
In this scene, Atticus has lost and Tom Robinson has been found guilty by the all-white jury.
I think that, even though if Tom Robinson, didn’t committed the crime he will be accused of that crime on the court, just to being different from others on his race.
The theme that connects to the damage done by racism. This explain how a white man and a black man are pitted against each other in a case, the white man’s word will overpower the black man’s. this is not fair because all the man should be equal to each others. Addition Tom Robison should be found not guilty but instead he was found guilty only because a group of whites people.
I agree with you Jonnathan. Many court cases are quite similar to this one right here. It is so sad to know that so many court cases have been lost by black people just because of the racist bias that existed in the court room. Now, the jury and judges are much more fair in court.
I agree with you, Nobody should judge anyone based on the color of the skin. The color of the skin does not determine what we do or if we are criminals, actions are the ones who determine.
“‘... Mister Jem, don’t you know better’n to take your little sister to that trial? Miss Alexandra’ll absolutely have a stroke of paralysis when she finds out! Ain’t fittin’ for children to hear...’” Page 277
In this scene, Calpurnia is reprimanding Jem for going to the trial without permission, and especially for taking Scout with him. She explains that no children should hear the mature information being said at that trial.
I don’t agree with Calpurnia when she says that children shouldn’t be exposed to the things said at the trial. Children are eventually going to be exposed to harshness of life at some point, and it’s impossible to protect them from it. Similar to when Holden became frustrated when protecting Phoebe’s innocence proved to be too difficult in The Catcher In the Rye, Calpurnia is becoming frustrated when Scout is beginning to lose her innocence. It’s tough to see a child you care about become exposed to how cruel the world is, but it’s something that has to happen as a child grows up.
This scene connects to the theme of the importance of home and family. Calpurnia cares so much for Scout that she’s scolding Jem for taking her to a mature trial. All she’s trying to do is protect her innocence, but no matter how hard her family tries to prevent her from seeing the real world, she’s bound to find out that life is harsh.
I agree with you, Sabrina. I disagree with Calpurnia also. If children are going to learn about what life is really like one day, they should at least learn it in the right way. Scout is loosing her innocence just like Holden, and growing up in such a racist community she is lucky to have a father and people that can teach her what is really right. They are extremely important in Scout's growth into a young adult.
I disagree with you, Sabrina. I agree with Calpurnia that Scout shouldn’t be at the trial. I understand that it is impossible to save a child's innocence but Scout should not be hearing these emotional details of a rape case when she is this young. Of course Calpurnia can’t protect her from learning curse words and terms like rape but, she should definitely not be exposed to the tragedies that she can obviously not even understand yet.
“Now you don’t be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain't ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” Page 279
In this scene Jem is excited because he thinks that Atticus has just won the case. While Reverend Sykes says that he should not get too excited yet. He says this because he knows that they most likely won't decide in favor of a black man over a white man.
I find this disturbing because at this point the trial isn't about evidence anymore, it is about race. Today there is no way that race would matter in court. If somehow the outcome ended up having to do with race, there would be severe punishments. In The United States of America we are all seen as equal under the law. Also everyone has the right to a fair trial. Today it would not matter what race or ethnicity you are, what matters is if you are guilty or innocent. From what we see in the story, it is not fully about what happened the evening of November 21st, but it is about Tom Robinson’s race.
This scene has a lot to do with the question of, Is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? Tom Robinson is a black man up against a all white jury. There is such a small chance that he could win that you have to assume that is will be seen as guilty. It is so terrible because based on the reading there really isn't justice for everyone under the law. It is usually someones word against another's word. In this situation, it is a black man against a white man in a mainly white and racist society. It is horrible to think of how unfair this trial is for Tom.
“Now don't you be so confident, Mr. JemI ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” Page 279
In this scene Reverend Sykes is speaking to Jem. Jem is confident that Tom Robinson is not going to be proven guilty because of wonderful job Atticus did proving Tom Robinson innocent. Although Reverend Sykes agrees with Jem, he knows that it all comes down the the juries. Because they are living in a racist community, the chances of them voting Tom Robinson innocent is unlikely.
What I find disturbing is how Reverend Sykes has never seen a jury decide in favor of a colored man. Racism is the main reason why these decisions are made. Blacks are constantly forced into situations where they are framed into things that they did not do, and proven guilty for it. This not only affects them, but their families have to suffer from it as well. Many whites are willing to see a black man suffer at any cost, which can include lying under oath, even beating up your own daughter.
The theme that connects to this scene is damage done by racism. If a white man was “raping a black girl,” the man would get away with what he did. Some will do anything they can to put black people in toughest situations, and prevent them from achieving the success that they are capable of achieving. Hopefully someday we can leave in a world where we are treated equally, and given the opportunity we all deserve.
I totally agree that a white man would get away with that. Although, he would be shunned for lowering himself to the point of being with a black woman. A racist southern community like Maycomb is not tolerant of anything that is interracial in any way.
I agree, Javen, it is completely horrifying that in not one instance, Reverend Sykes has seen a jury decide in favor of a colored man. At this time, I also agree that if it were the other way around, and a white man had raped a black girl, there is no doubt that he would have been proven not guilty.
You’ve been here all the afternoon? Go home with Calpurnia and get your supper-- and stay home” … “You think they’ll acquit him that fast?” asked Jem. Atticus opened his mouth to answer,but shut it and left us. Chapter 21, page 277
In these scene, Atticus is told that Scout and Jem are in the courthouse. Atticus tells them to go home and have supper. Jem and Scout beg to Atticus to be allowed to hear the venedict. Atticus says that they can return after supper, though he knows that the jury will likely have returned before then.
I strongly agree with Atticus with the fact that he wants his kids to go home and stay there until he returns. They are too young to be in a courthouse and they should not be in a place where racism is present.
The theme that connects with these scene is the importance of home and family. Atticus wants the kids to go home. Like any other dad that loves his children, he wants to protect them from the damage of racism. He does realize that they have been there all the afternoon but still he wants to save their innocence.
I like how you connect the experience to racism. The kids should not have been exposed to the racism going on in the court house. It was the right decision for Atticus to send them home with Calpurnia.
I agree to with Atticus wanting his kids to go home because I wouldn't want my kids worrying about the case and being exposed to that part of the world so early in their lives.
I looked around. They were standing. All around us and in the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet. Reverend Sykes’s voice was as distant as Judge Taylor’s: “Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father’s passin‘.” Page 283
In this scene, Atticus and everyone else know they have lost the trial. Shamefully Atticus walks away from the crowd to leave the courthouse. Scout doesn't understand at first but soon as Jem starts to cry Scout notices what it ended up as.
I feel that this trial started off unfair. With much more evidence Atticus was ready to win this case. But just because Tom was a different color than everyone else, he goes to jail. I wonder what Mayella is thinking of. Mayella knows that Tom would never do such a thing to her. She knows how respectful and sincere he is to her.
The theme here is the true definition of courage. Atticus knew that he would either walk the road of shame or the road of fame. Atticus stood bravely and walked without a word said. It may be because he didn't want to show Scout and Jem their father in shame.
“‘Miss Jean Louise?’ I looked around. They were all standing. All around us and in the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet. Reverend Sykes voice was as distant as Judge Taylor’s: ‘Mrs. Jean Louise, stand up. Your father’s passin’. page 283
In this scene, The trial has ended and the judge said Tom Robinson was Guilty. Atticus was walking to the exit of the courtroom. When Atticus was walking the African American in the trial stood up and showed respect to Atticus.
The African American in the Courage stood up as Atticus walk to the exit of courtroom and to stand up while someone is walking is showing how much that person respect. In this trial Atticus did his best to defend Tom Robinson and he was trying to tell the white jurors that Robinson is not guilty and be fair and equal. African American understand what was Atticus was trying to tell and how much he did to defend Tom but White jurors did’t care about it and said Tom is guilty. I agree to point of view of African American to stand up when Atticus was walking because Atticus is a brave and a
This connect to the theme of the true definition of courage. African American showed their respect and was thanksful to what Atticus have done and they have understand that Atticus defended Tom even thought he put his family and himself t danger.
“Calpurnia marched us home: “—skin every one of you alive, the very idea, you children listenin’ to all that! Mister Jem, don’t you know better’n to take your little sister to that trial? Miss Alexandra’ll absolutely have a stroke of paralysis when she finds out! Ain’t fittin’ for children to hear. . . .” p.277
This quote to Scout and Jem from Calpurnia resembles the book theme of the importance of family and home. I believe this quote resembles that theme because Calpurnia shows how much she and Alexandra care about the children because of how worried she is for them. Also, Calpurnia, even though she’s not blood-related to the children, acts as a mother to Scout and Jem, especially because they don’t have one. She is angry at them because, like a mother, she wouldn’t want her two young children exposed to such talk of rape and crcime and racism.
I remember once I was visiting my aunt and uncle in South Carolina, and I went alone, without my parents. They treated me as their own child for the time being, and I appreciated it. I was very young and I needed someone to look after me when my parents were not there. I believe that this relates to Calpurnia and Scout and Jem because even though they’re not my parents, the still know to look after me and guide me into the right way of life, just like Calpurnia.
This reminds me of children being adopted. People all over the world adopt children from many different places, and treat the adopted children as their own. It’s wonderful. Here is an article to talk about adoptions from all over the world:
Hi Sonny. Great self-to-text connection. I am also very close with my grandparents and they have made me feel like their child many times when my parents are gone. I also agree how you said that Calpurnia is like a mother. She acts like one and I think does an amazing job for the kids with all that she does. She has all the good qualities a mother should have. Great article choice by the way!
I agree with you completely. Calpurnia is trying to protect the children from evils for as long as possible. She cares for them as if they were her own children. The nurturing that Jem and Scout need comes from Cal.
“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man.” p279
Reverend Sykes is telling Jem not to be sure that Atticus and Tom have won the case, because he has never seen a black man win against a white man before.
I think that what Reverend Sykes said is something we as a country should be ashamed of. In our Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson states that all men are created equal. How can all men be created equal when they are not treated that way? We have made a lot of progress since the civil rights movement of the 1960s, but we should still reflect on what the attitude of our country was.
This scene definitely connects to the idea of Is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? If blacks cannot win in court against whites, how is there equality? The answer is, there isn’t.
I love your connection to the Declaration of Independence! It totally makes sense and I think what Reverend Sykes is telling Jem is true. Maycomb is a very racist town and Jem shouldn't be jumping to conclusions.
“Guilty… guilty… guilty… guilty…” I peeked at Jem; his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each “guilty” was a separate stab between them. Page 282
This is a quote from the trial. Scout observes her brother’s emotions as the jury reads out their verdict. Jem seems to be led into a further and further dismay every time the judge reads out a guilty.
Unfortunately, going into the courtroom that day it almost seemed that Tom was already at a disadvantage. Even though it states that the jury is made up of your peers, it seems that in Maycomb the jury would mostly be made of white men. With this in mind, it is very clear that Tom was already at a disadvantage going into the courtroom. I mean think about it, a black man is accused of rape in a very racist town and you expect a group of white men to find him not guilty? Jem shows extreme emotion because this case means more than a black man’s sentencing. It means that racism is alive and well. After reenacting the trial, I can clearly see that the evidence to put Tom to prison was not there. There were at least three reasons why it could not have been Tom. One, he cannot punch with his left arm, because it is crippled. Two, if the strangle marks are all the way around Mayella’s neck then it couldn’t have been Tom. His one good hand can’t fit around a human’s neck. And three, Mayella wasn’t consistent with her story, making it clear that she didn't know what to say. With this evidence, it is clear that Tom was found guilty with some influence based on his race.
This scene relates to, “the damage done by racism” because it puts Tom in prison for something that he seemed not to do. He seems to be put in this situation based on his race. The Ewell’s knew they could get away with blaming Tom with this crime because the jury would find him guilty. He doesn’t deserve to be put to this. He is a hard worker and very polite, in the sense that he helped Mayella many times before without pay.
I agree 100%. Tom is being wrongfully convicted for all the wrong reasons. The jury was very racist and didn't listen to the facts before deciding the verdict.
I agree with both of you completely. Tom is being convicted for no legitimate reasons at all. The only reason he's being convicted is because he's black.
"Now don't be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain't never seen a jury decide in the favor of a colored man over a white man..." page 279.
In this scene, Scout and Jem returned to the court room after going home to eat dinner to see the verdict of the jury. The jury was still not back from their decision and Jem was bragging to Reverend Sykes about how Tom Robinson would plead not guilty.
Because of problems like in this scene, it was very hard for colored men and women to live back when this story took place. Although this was thought of as a problem back then, it is still a large problem in today's society, for racism is still going on.
This connects to the theme of damage done by racism. No matter how innocent Tom Robinson sounds during the trial, the jury can still plead him guilty. Since the 1930's consisted of segregation, the decisions made by many juries all across the country were biased towards who was the non-colored man in the case.
“Mr. Jem,” Reverend Sykes demurred, “this ain’t a polite thing for little ladies to hear…” Chapter 21,Page 279.
In this scene, Reverend Sykes is talking to Jem about how the discussion of rape and violence, is not appropriate for Scout. Jem tells Mr. Sykes that Scout doesn’t understand. Scout claims to know what they are saying when she actually does not.
I strongly agree with Reverend Sykes in that certain topics should not be heard by or discussed with young children. Many parents are afraid to see their child’s loss of innocence. In example, when a young child goes on a bus with older kids, they are bound to hear a curse word.. When I was younger, there would be times where my parents would make me leave the room during a discussion that was too mature for me and make me close my eyes when watching a rated r movie. As I grew older I realized that they made me do those things for my own good. They were trying to keep me from learning horible things or falling into bad habits.
This scene relates to the theme of the importance of home and family. Jem and Reverend Sykes try to keep Scout from hearing about the problems that go on in Maycomb. She is not mature enough to understand. You wouldn’t want your child or younger sibling to be exposed to inappropriate things.
I completely agree! a heads up is that another great theme that would fit in is loss of innocence. Even though it's not one from the paper, it perfectly fits the situation!
“I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man.” Page 279.
In this scene, Reverend Sykes is talking to Jem and Scout while the jury is coming to a verdict. Jem is confident that they will find Tom Robinson innocent but, Reverend Sykes seems to be doubtful.
I find it horrible to think that a jury never favored a colored man over a white man. It’s unfair that back in the 1930s that the jury was made up of all white men, especially because many white men were racist. The law system wasn’t just but it’s not completely fair now either. I think the US law system has improved greatly and is definitely as fair as it could be but many people think otherwise. I researched about what other people thought the law system is just or not and the results were very interesting. This is one article trying to prove it’s racist. https://www.opendemocracy.net/bill-quigley/14-shocking-facts-that-prove-us-criminal-justice-system-is-racist
This scene reflects two important themes in the book. One being the damage caused by racism and the other being justice in the US law system. This scene truly does show how unjust the law system was in the 1930s. The jury was only made up of white men and it wasn’t even expected that a black man could be found innocent if the prosecutor is white. This also shows the damage done by racism because African Americans had been treated with so much disrespect that a black man like Reverend Sykes couldn’t even be hopeful for Tom Robinson to be proven innocent.
“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” page 279
In this scene, Reverend Sykes tells Jem not to be so confident with his father's case. Reverend Sykes explains to Jem that in all of the court cases he has attended, he has never seen a white man be convicted guilty over a black man.
It's upsetting that Reverend Sykes has never seen a successful colored man case. In my opinion it doesn't necessarily surprise me because that's what the time period was like. We all are far enough in the book to know that it wasn't a very good time for African-Americans. I also agree with Reverend Sykes' statement towards Jem because he got his hopes up to early. You should never declare the outcome of a situation until the end. For example, in one of my lacrosse games we played this really good team. As we walked onto the field everyone on my team said, "Oh no! We're definitely going to lose." Turns out, we won, therefore, you can never judge a situation until you know what the outcome will be.
The theme that relates to this scene is the damage done by racism. Reverend Sykes does not want to be negative but he realized the setting they were in and understood what the outcome would be. Reverend Sykes doesn't want to jump to conclusions but unfortunately, he understands that Tom will be convicted guilty to the color of his skin.
“I shut my eyes. Judge Taylor was polling the jury: Guilty… guilty… guilty… guilty… I peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each “guilty” was a separate stab between them.” Page 282
In this scene Scout is talking about Judge Taylor polling the jury and how every single juror found Tom Robinson guilty.
What I find disturbing is that clearly there are not enough facts to convict Tom, but every single juror found him guilty. This speaks volumes to the racism in Maycomb County during the Great Depression. In contrast to today, I believe that now a days, racism has been abolished to the point where if a case like this were to occur, all of the jurors would find Tom not guilty instead of guilty.
The theme that this scene connects to is, is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? Clearly this scene shows that the answer to that question is no. There is not justice for all under the law in the United States. The prosecution did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Tom was guilty, all they had was the world of a white woman against a black man. However, unfortunately that was enough for the jury to find Tom Robinson guilty.
Sam, I agree. Today, there would've needed to be physical evidence of rape in order to convict Tome. This goes against the "innocent until proven guilty" law evident in the sixth amendment.
“He’s not supposed to lean, Reverend Sykes. But don’t fret, we’ve won it. Don’t see how any jury could convict based on what we heard-” “Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I’ve never seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man...” Page 279
In this scene, Jem and Reverend Sykes are discussing what they think the outcome of the trial will be. Jem is overly confident about his fathers chances of winning, but the reverend is skeptical to see a white jury let a black man go free.
I dislike how pessimistic the reverend is about what he thinks Toms chances are for going free. It reminds me of an article that discusses how race plays a role in trials. In it, it says that African Americans make up only 12% of the American population, but 40% of people in prison are African American. It shows that the justice system has a flaw, race. Its a crazy fact, but its relevance to the story is clear, even though we are seperated from this trial by many decades. http://www.crf-usa.org/brown-v-board-50th-anniversary/the-color-of-justice.html.
This connects to the theme of how race affects life. The reverend has been exposed to a racist jury and justice system so long, he is skeptical of the outcome of a case that should not have ever been taken, seeing that there is not any evidence to convict Tom. Tom clearly has not done anything wrong, and this was proven by Atticus, but still the community is scared that he will be convicted. This quote also connects to the question of if there is really justice for all under the law. As I said before, Tom should have never been even brought to court, because the only evidence against him was word of mouth. He is tried for being a black man who was running away because he was scared.
"Miss Jean Louise?" I looked around. They were all standing. All around us and in the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet. Reverend Sykes was as distant as Judge Taylor's: "Mrs. Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passin'." Pg. 283
In this scene, the trial has ended and Tom Robinson was found guilty by the jury. As Atticus makes his way to the exit, the African Americans sitting towards the back of the courtroom all stand together in unison to show how much respect that have for him.
Although Tom was found guilty, the black community recognizes the strength needed for a white man to defend a black man during this historical time period. Standing up for anyone is courageous, but to stand up for someone of a different race during the 1930's meant much more. Atticus has a very selfless character where he thinks of others before himself. This characteristic showed along with his bravery and fortitude.
The theme that connects to this scene is the true definition of courage. Atticus knew what his job was and what had to be done. Many other lawyers wouldn't be up to the task, but Atticus blocked out the negative comments and went through with it. This was a very risky thing to do; defend a man of a different race. However, the African Americans acknowledged Atticus' efforts on defending Tom Robinson to the best of his ability.
“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man.”- Page 277
In this scene Jem is confident and hopeful of Atticus winning this case and Tom Robinson being found not guilty. He shares his thoughts with Reverend Skyes who then tells him not to get his hopes up, because according to him he has never seen the jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man.
I find this scene to be disturbing. The justice system is very unfair and cruel to the colored folks. It bothers me how a community can instantly dislike and even loathe a person for their race rather their personality. The white folks automatically believed black people were bad people. Greatfully today progression has been made and all people have equal rights and racism is not as severe as it was back then.
In the setting of the novel there was not justice for all under the United States Law System, which is a major theme in the novel. The jury is composed of 12 white men who decide the fate of the defendant. In the above quote Reverend Skyes shares with Jem that he has never seen the jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man, which reveals that there is not justice for everyone, especially colored folks.
I agree, I find it disturbing that they did not even care what really happened. Tom was black and that meant that he was automatically wrong and should go to jail.
“Jem was chuckling ‘Don’t you wanna hear about it Cal?’”
In this scene Jem is mocking Calpurnia because she doesn’t think children should be exposed to people talking about what is usually considered adult conversations. I can relate to this because I have had to take my younger cousins into different rooms because my family wanted to have an “adult conversation.” I understood that it was for good my cousins because they got to play instead of listening to adults talking about things they deemed bad enough for them to hear.
This quote relates to the theme of the importance of home and family. Atticus typically lets his children do anything or listen to anything within reason.
“ Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain't never seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man....” ( Page 279)
In this part of the chapter, Jem and Reverend Sykes were talking about what they thought the outcome of the trial would be. Jem was very hopeful but Mr. Reverend Sykes did not seem so sure that it would turn out in their favor.
I think that sometimes Jem tries to act very grown up, but in moments like this we can see that he is still young by the way he acts and thinks. He does not fully understand why the jury wouldn’t say that Tom was innocent. In his eyes, and in most of the eyes of the non-racist people watching ,Tom was innocent. The difference between Jem and the rest of the non-racist men and women in there was that they understand how the times were and how bad the racism was back then. I found an article about nine young black men who were wrongly accused of the rape of two white women. The white woman knew the truth but still agreed to testify against the nine young men. An all white jury convicted them and all but one of the nine boys were sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. (The link to the article is down below) http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_scotts.html
The theme that best fits with this section is the damage done by racism. The fact that people back then felt that it was okay to send an innocent human to jail or sentence them to death because if the color of their skin is horrible. If there were more men like Atticus and Jem on the jury who looked to see if someone was really innocent instead of looking at what skin color they had, the law system back then would have been much more fair and there would not have been as many innocent people rotting in jail.
Chapter 21: “Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” (Page 279)
In this scene, Jem believes that Tom is not guilty but Reverend Sykes let Jem know that they still have a good chance of losing the case because he has never seen a jury choose in the favor of a colored man against a white man.
During this historical period this type of prejudice was very common. Only on rare occasions would a colored man win a case in court over a white man. Black people were viewed as lesser human beings than white people in that time period. While in America today people are supposed to be treated equally, it was only 70 years ago that the races were treated so differently. People lives and futures can depend on what happens in court and the people who were on Tom's jury should have considered what was more important: Tom's race or the truth. It is not fair how the jury is all white because it only makes sense in a time like that how the jurors might let a white person go just because he is white. It is very disappointing to think that court was not fair and some African Americans went through things that they shouldn't have.
The two themes that relate to this scene are; the damage done by racism and is there really justice for all in the United States. Back then the whole court system was one-sided. Reverend Sykes explained how he had never seen a black man win in court and it sounds like he may not see it happen for a while. Atticus knew it was a long shot to win the case and he was sadly correct. From what I read I felt that Tom’s side of the story was true and Mayella’s was false. There is clearly not justice for all because Tom lost. Although the jury may have made the correct decision, to me the evidence given, made me second guess the jury’s decision. It only makes sense because the jury consisted of 12 white males. There was clearly not justice for all and that was due to the racism back then. It could be completely obvious that Tom should win the case but since there are 12 white males it only makes sense in that time for them to go with their own race.
“Now don’t be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man….” Chapter 21, Page 279
In this scene Jem and Scout have just gotten back from eating dinner with an angry Aunt Alexandria and a disappointed Calpurnia. Aunt Alexandria is upset because they are allowed to go back to the trial and Calpurnia is disappointed because when the children were told to go home they went back to the trial. Upon arrival back to the trial Jem and Scout notice the court has not moved much and that their seats where saved by Reverend Sykes. Jem is very confident that Atticus has one the case but, the Reverend is quick to tell him not to be so sure because he has not ever seen a jury side with a black man over a white man.
This quotes upsets me for many reasons. One reason that this quote upsets me is because the jury supposedly will take into account Tom’s skin color as something to hold against him. Atticus could have the better case, and Mr. Gilmore may not have enough evidence to support his clients accusation but, due to the fact that Tom has black skin they will take the Ewell’s word over his. In contrast to today a jury would never use someone’s skin color against them. They base their decisions on the evidence placed in front of them.
This quote connects to the theme of is there really justice for all under United States’s law? Back in the 1930’s when this book takes place there was not justice for all. African American’s were at a disadvantage solely because of their skin color. Juries would use that against you back when segregation was an issue and ideas like the Jim Crow laws were in effect. In regards to today, we have made great leaps from where we were now there is justice for all under the United States law system.
” Now you don’t be so confident Mr.Jem , I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man” Pg 279 In this scene Reverend Sykes is telling and explaining to Jem why the jury will not side with their argument. I feel that in that time period no one wanted to be the one to defend a colored man because they were scared of what would happen to them . Also they were very biased , even though they knew Tom could ever do that to a women they made him guilty only because he’s colored. Lastly,it made me feel as if there should be no trial if they knew from the start that Tom was going to be guilty anyway. This scene connects to the theme is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? Even to this day police are assaulting colored men , just because they are colored and for no other reason . Many people ignore and go on with their day knowing that everyday someone is being harassed for nothing but the color they are and nothing else.
On PG# 278 Scout states, "Jem was chuckling. "Don't you want to hear about it, Cal?" Calpurnia: "Hush your mouth, sir! When you oughta be hangin' in shame you go along laughin".
In this scene, Scout and Jem arrive home after their long dramatic day at the courthouse. Jem starts his conversation with calpurnia with, “Don’t you want to hear about it”, in a semi joyful way. He is obviously criticized by her for making such a situation seem ignorant and plain, something she isn’t pleased about.
The quote contains the theme of lack of understandings. A text-to-world similarity is that many conflicts and wars throughout history have been fueled by hate, hate that derives from a lack understandings of turning point events or groups of people.
“Jem smiled. ‘He’s not supposed to lean, Reverend, but don’t fret, we’ve won it,’ he said wisely. ‘Don’t see how any jury could convict on what we heard.’
ReplyDelete‘Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man….’” Chapter 21 Page 279
Here, Jem is speaking to Reverend Sykes about the case. From Jem’s perspective, he thinks that with all of the evidence in his favor, it would be shocking if Tom wasn’t set free. Reverend Sykes then responds by telling Jem not to get his hopes up. The jury on this case is clearly very biased because it consists of only white men. There is little representation supporting Tom.
Even today, there is some racial discrimination when it comes to jury selection. This racial bias is especially common in more serious cases. Bryan Stevenson, the executive director of EJI (the Equal Justice Initiative), thinks that this racial bias is negatively affecting the integrity of our nation’s legal system. He said, “The under representation and exclusion of people of color from juries has seriously undermined the credibility and reliability of the criminal justice system, and there is an urgent need to end this practice.” During the 1930s, all women and colored men were excluded from jury duty. Today, there is a more organized and systematic way of selecting juries for cases. However, there is still some racial bias that goes on during this process.
This part of the book exhibits the themes of the damage done by racism, and the thought that there isn’t always equality for all under the law. The jury that is on Tom Robinson’s case is quite tendentious, it is made up of all white males. The fact that no African Americans could participate in the trial affected the outcome. Clearly, African Americans and other minorities weren’t offered equal opportunities as those of white men during this time. This represents both the damage done by racism, and how there is not equality for all under the law in this country.
I agree with your theme choice here, Kathryn. Firstly, the United States constitution grants their citizens a jury of their peers, which means people who have similar backgrounds and experiences. Tom was not granted this, he was granted racism and no mercy.
Delete“I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man….”
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Reverend Sykes tells this to Jem and Scout when Jem expresses how he believes that Atticus is sure to win the case. Reverend Sykes is rightfully skeptical of Atticus’ best work’s success.
Unfortunately, in this time period, Reverend Syke’s statement is accurate in reflecting the trends of the time period in which this book takes place. During the 1930’s, African Americans were disrespected and thought of as inferior to whites. Now, I believe that our generation is much more educated on how we can affect other’s lives. For example, schools never used to teach kids about bullying and it’s effects. Now, however, we have units on how to prevent bullying and similar offenses. For this reason, I think the effects of racism have diminished. I believe that if we made a jury of children from our generation and other young generations, the decisions of the jury would be fair.
Sadly, even if our jury’s decisions are fair based on our standards, they might not be fair based on standards of the future. What makes the jury in the 1930’s unfair is that individuals in the jury know that African Americans are people, too. But, they still treat them as lesser. Therefore, I believe that nowadays, the effects of racism are less, but they still exist, and that in the future, they may seem more obvious and severe.
This scene directly reflects how the American legal system has not always been fair. It explains how if a white man and a black man are pitted against each other in a case, the white man’s word will overpower the black man’s. This is not fair at all because each man is supposed to have an equal say, and each man is supposed to have an equal chance at winning the case. It is not fair at all that a white man has the majority of the ability to dictate in which direction the case will move. This particular case, the Tom Robinson case, is a perfect example of how one man’s words may have a greater effect than another’s. This is because Tom Robinson’s word was going against Bob Ewell’s. Due to lack of evidence, Tom Robinson should have been found innocent, but instead, even without irrefutable evidence, he was found guilty only because of two white peoples’ lies. (Pg. 279, Paragraph 7)
“A jury never looks at a defendant it has convicted, and when this jury came in, not one of them looked at Tom Robinson.”
ReplyDeleteThis scene describes when the jury enters the room after reaching a verdict. They had decided Tom Robinson was guilty.
I’ve never been in the situation that the jury is in because I’m not old enough to be sent in for jury duty or anything of the sort. However, I have been sent to deliver bad news before. When I need to tell somebody something bad, I can’t look them in the eye. I always look at the ground or away. I think this is because if I look them in the eye, it symbolically makes it real. I don’t want it to be real, so I look away. Looking away makes the bad news seem like it’s all a dream. In other words, I don’t have the nerve to deliver bad news in a confident manner. I squirm and can’t take the pressure.
For this reason, I think the true definition of courage is owning up to one’s decisions. The jury should have the nerve to look at Tom no matter what decision they’ve reached. If they can’t look at Tom, it means that they think they made a bad choice. If one decides to do something mean, they must own up to facing the consequences that come along with it. The jury, even though it was subconsciously done, was cowardly and weak. They should be able to look Tom in the eye and tell him that he deserves to die if that’s what they believe. They shouldn’t act skittish and avoid contact from the ripple effects they have created. The true definition of courage is not being embarrassed of things you’ve done. (Pg. 282, Paragraph 3)
Hi Abby, I can totally relate to not wanting to look someone in the eye when you have to tell them something bad. What confuses me is that if the jury didn't want to look at Tom and they felt guilty, then why didn't they let him go? I think that the jury knew their decision was wrong, but they were being biased and racist by siding with Mr. Ewell.
Delete“Mr. Jem,” Reverend Sykes demurred, “this ain’t a polite thing for little ladies to hear…” Page 279
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Jem is talking to Reverend Sykes, the pastor of an African-American church in Maycomb, about his ideas and knowledge on rape. In this excerpt, Reverend Sykes hushes Jem because Scout, an innocent young girl, is present. Scout claims to know what they are saying when she actually does not.
I strongly agree with Reverend Sykes in that some subjects should not be heard by young children. Even though Scout does not understand what they are talking about, she should not be exposed to such horrible things at such a young age. Many parents today try to protect their children from learning about disturbing events that they don’t have the capacity to understand. When I was younger, there were times where my parents would make me leave the room during a “grown-up” discussion. I would always find it rather agitating because I felt like I was old enough to stay. Only as I grew older I finally realized that they made me exit for my own good. They were trying to protect me from the evils of the world. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, tries to stop other children from losing their innocence at a young age like he was forced to do. Reverend Sykes tries to preserve Scout’s innocence also.
This scene reflects the theme of the importance of home and family. Scout’s brother, Jem, and others in the community, such as Reverend Sykes, try to protect the Scout from hearing about the serious issues present in the town. She is not mature enough to be exposed to such grim problems. Many people are upset that Scout, Jem, and Dill attended the trial of Tom Robinson because they felt the subject was inappropriate for minors.
"I shut my eyes. Judge Taylor was polling the jury: “Guilty… guilty… guilty…
ReplyDeleteguilty…” I peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail,
and his shoulders jerked as if each “guilty” was a separate stab between them." page 282. In this scene, Judge Taylor reads off the jury's decision that Tom is guilty of rape. Atticus leaves the court room knowing he has lost a case where his client was innocent. This relates to the theme of the damage done by racism. Tom loses the case just because he is a black man in front of a racist-all-white-jury. I am not surprised at the outcome of the trial. I didn't think Tom and Atticus could win because I knew from the beginning that Maycomb was severely segregated. Tom never stood a chance in that court room and it's not fair.
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DeleteI agree with you. It is completely unfair that Tom was accused of being guilty just because he is black. He had evidence that he did not rape Mayella Ewell, but the jury does not believe him. Tom should have had an equal chance at winning the case when he first went in to court, but everyone knew he would be convicted in the end.
DeleteI agree completely. Clearly, the jury on Tom's case is completely biased and prejudiced and this fact impacted the entire outcome of the case. I believe that to determine a fair outcome, there needs to be a diverse jury with many different views.
DeleteI agree with you Max. There was no evidence to announce Tom guilty. The fact that this decision was because of Tom's race, was completely unfair.
Delete“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” page 279
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Jem feels confident that Tom is not guilty, but Reverend Sykes tells Jem Finch that it is likely that Atticus will still lose the case. This is because a black man rarely wins over a white man. Atticus is the attorney for a colored man named Tom Robinson.
I found an article that is similar to this scene in To Kill a Mockingbird. In the article a black boy was shot by a white police man which was unnecessary. He did commit a crime but did not deserve to be killed for it. Michael Brown stole a box of cigars from a local convenient store, for that he should have been arrested and sent to court. The man was “shot on site” which is not justice. Both stories show that there is not justice for all under the United States law.
The theme represented in this scene is is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? Toms point of view in this scene sounded more reliable than Mayellas which makes me wonder, why would the jury rather convict an innocent black man than admit that a white girl lied and made a mistake? It is sad that Tom Robinson was accused of rape just because of his skin color. During this time period, there was not justice for all under the law in the United States. Both defendants, Mayella and Tom, should have had an equal opportunity to win the case, but Tom unfortunately had a disadvantage because he is colored. There is no where near enough evidence to prove that Tom committed this crime, yet the jury still believes he is guilty.
http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/8-19-2014/Police-shoot-unarmed-black-man_will-this-ever-end%3F/
I agree with your theme choice here. It is sickening to think that Tom was convicted of rape just because of the color of his skin. This is very similar to the case in Ferguson, Missouri.
Delete“I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” Page 279
ReplyDeleteIn this scene Reverend Sykes is telling this to Jem and Scout when Jem says that he believes that Atticus will win the case. However Reverend Sykes seem to disagree with what Jem is thinking.
Sadly, Reverend Sykes is right, during the 1930s there was rarely ever a colored man who won a case in court. African Americans were so disrespected and treated unfairly, and I am disgraced to be apart of a country that discriminated these people so badly. We ruined that generation because we thought that because they had a different colored skin that they are different from us and that they are a lesser human being than us.
This scene reflects to two themes; Is there really justice for all under the law in the United States, and the damage done by racism. As Reverend Sykes explained, he has never seen a colored man win in court, that is because the system back then was one sided and racist. Atticus even knew that it was hopeless to fight for a colored man when he first took the case. But, he didn’t care, he stood with Tom the whole time not giving in one bit.
I agree with your opinions on how disgraceful the discrimination in the U.S. was. Although we still have discrimination today, we have come such a long way from where we used to be. There are groups that monitor the fairness of things like trials and elections today, which helps us to be more fair people.
Delete“Then he left the courtroom, but not by his usual exit. He must have wanted to go home the short way, because he walked quickly down the middle aisle toward the south exit”
ReplyDeletePg: 282 L:32
After returning to the court , all people including jury and the judge , immediately the foreman handed a piece of paper to Mr. Tate who handed it to the clerk who handed it to the judge. Everyone was very nervous but nobody more than how Jem was he hoped that Tom Robinson was declared innocent. But then the judge began to count the votes and the first votes that the judge read was guilty, guilty, guilty, perhaps the disappointment of hearing the first part of the vote made Atticus abandoned the room, was an event that surprised everyone.
If I were Atticus i would probably do the same, the simple reason that he exposed to the jury the lack of evidence, the difference of testimonies between the victims, and after he gave the last speech of equality between people of the different colors and equal rights. Seeing that I could not convince the public of the innocence of someone like Atticus, I would left the room too, but not to escape was just that would give me shame of seeing all the black public, lose hope that someday they could be treated equally as Atticus had told them. Something that perhaps torment Atticus was that an innocent man would pay in jail.
The theme that connect to this scene are the damage done by racism, to realize that the first votes declared guilty to Tom, knowing what Atticus said at the end of the trial was not served at all, Atticus didn't achieved that the jury can see the right side, since the absence of evidence they chose to believe what white witnesses said , although is was a lie, they didn't take into account what Tom said and what he assure that he never would harm a white woman, as what Reverend Sykes said “I ain't ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man" Pg: 279 L: 17 , the jury in Maycomb never chose the side of justice, they saw only what was convenient for them.
I agree, Atticus was upset by the biased and racist jurors. If Tom had been white then it would have been a fair trial and most likely Tom and Atticus would have won the case.
DeleteI agree with you. It is insane how people could send a man to be killed just because of the fact that this man's skin color was darker than everyone else's. Hopefully that won't still happen in our courts today.
DeleteIt seems like the only crime Tom Robinson has committed was being African-American. That is why Mr. Ewell took advantage because he knew that there was nothing to save Tom from making him guilty.
Delete“ I toyed with the idea of asking everyone below to concentrate on setting Tom Robinson free, but thought if they were as tired as I, it wouldn’t work. Top of page 281
ReplyDeleteIn this scene Scout, Dill and Jem are at the courthouse watching the trial unravel itself. Jem said that if perhaps you concentrated on one thing, for example setting a tree on fire. Jem continued on and said that it would eventually ignite on its own accord. This means if you concentrated on one area the idea would catch. Scout was hopeful of her father and of the outcoming of the trail. She would have concentrated on everyone in court to let Tom go free.
In this case, of Scout being so young, I thought it was a good thing for her to be hopeful. She knew adults could be cruel as of Mr. Nathan plugging the tree. The little hope inside of her wanted so badly for the jury to let Tom free. If I was in Scouts position I would have relied on my hope to make me think everything would be fine. But also since she is so young Scout would not have caught everything that actually happened during court.
This quote connects to the damage done by racism. Even though Scout was hopeful and wanted to ask everyone to let Tom go free, she said it herself it wouldn’t work. Not just because she was tired and thought it wouldn’t work; But also the underlying issue of racism had turned its ugly face one again. Even if Scout asked everyone, they wouldn’t have agreed with Scout. Most of the town was racist, and only white men were on the jury. Every case with a black man in it was know to be told guilty. The people in Macomb wouldn’t change their racist opinions.
“Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing” pg.283
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, the judges delivered a guilty verdict. Atticus stood up and began to walk through the courtroom. He notice that everyone in the colored balcony rises in a gesture of respect.
I strongly disagree in jurors’ decision because Atticus defended Tom very well but they let him understand that all blacks are criminals. It is a kind of stereotype that whites have had and stills. Today, they used to accuse or discriminates not only African Americans but Hispanic people as well. It is a thing that never ends because some of North Americans are not happy with us invading their lands.
The true definition of courage is the theme that connects to this scene. The people on the balcony have great respect for Atticus due to how deeply he pursued the case and how well he defended Tom. Atticus worked to let the truth be known and he never gave up.
Hi Maria, I think that many of the people in the courtroom respected Atticus for going against racism and standing up for Tom. Atticus stood up for Tom, but when he was leaving the people stood up for him.
DeleteI completely agree with you. Although there was little hope for Tom Robinson being proved innocent, they blacks respect all that Atticus has done for them. I also disagree with the jurors decision, but with the racism at the time, many whites could not see through race.
DeleteI agree as well with the jurors decision, Atticus did make a strong argument. I believe Atticus is also very courageous for standing up for Tom Robinson, not only because he has to but because he wants to.
DeleteThe African-American people who went to the trial of Tom Robinson recognize that even in defeat, Atticus has done his best. Atticus made it clear to the jury that Tom was innocent but they based their final decision on Tom's skin.
Delete“I ain't ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man... “ Chapter 21 page 279.
ReplyDeleteIn this text Reverend Sykes is talking to Jem. Jem is confident that the jury would not convict, but the Reverend is older and wiser and knows differently. Jem innocently believes his father will always come out on top. He has not had enough life experience to face racism.
Today we hope that the majority sitting on a jury have come along way since they setting of when this book takes place. Many strides have been made in our country to overcome racism but if you follow the news you will still hear about discrimination
The text to theme connection is that of damage done by racism. The men on the jury are un educated and most likely never personally known a African American. Racism was a main factor in the jury deciding Tom’s fate.
I agree with you, Liam. Tom's fate was mainly determined by the racism within the jury. It is really terrible that they could not set aside their racist mindset, even when someones life was on the line.
DeleteI completely agree with you Liam. The white men in the jury did not base their decisions off of the facts. Instead, they rather see a black man suffer for something that he did not even do. Though many think racism is gone, it is still in our world today, affecting many.
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DeleteI completely agree, Liam. Jem is too young and innocent to understand what role Tom's race will have in the final verdict. He clearly has not been exposed to such extreme racism in his town yet at this point in the book.
Delete
ReplyDelete“‘Miss Jean Louise?’
I looked around. They were all standing. All around us and in the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet. Reverend Sykes voice was as distant as Judge Taylor’s:
‘Mrs. Jean Louise, stand up. Your father’s passin’.’” Chapter 21 Page 283
In this section of the story, the trial has just ended, and Atticus is walking towards the exit of the courthouse. All of the African Americans who attended the trial are sitting in the back, or in the balcony. As Atticus is passing by, they all stand to show him how much respect they have for him.
Standing up as somebody is walking by is a symbol of respect. This is a symbol of appreciation and courtesy. The black community understands what Atticus has been through during the duration of the trial. They know what a courageous man he is. Defending Tom was a very brave and humble thing for Atticus to do. He put both himself, and his family in danger while doing so. Yet, all the remarks and opinions of those who disapproved didn’t affect his beliefs and opinions. Just as the African American crowd stood for Atticus, U.S. citizens stand for the President as he enters into a room. The President is the highest level of authority in the United States, and although it is not necessary to agree with every view he has, he must be respected.
The theme that connects to this scene is the true definition of courage. Atticus himself possesses so much courage. Rather than being intimidated by the consequences of working for Tom, he believes that every lawyer has a case sometime in their career which is more difficult than others, and that this is his. The African American people acknowledge this courage and they honor him because of it.
“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” page 279
ReplyDeleteDuring this scene, Reverend Sykes is explaining to Jem about how he thinks that the jury is racist and biased. He believes that it is highly unlikely for a jury full of white men to rule in favor of a colored man
Today, a jury or one juror can still be biased towards the defendant. I believe that if someone on the jury has a lot in common with the defendant, then that juror may rule in favor of the person being tried. For example, religion can have an impact on a decision, because the jury may feel a connection with the defendant. It can also go the other way, people may rule in favor of the prosecutor, because they don’t like the defendant or they may be able to relate more with the prosecutor. The themes in this chapter are the damage done by racism and justice for all under the law. Reverend Sykes doubts that Tom will not be convicted. He has lost hope in the judicial system and in the people of Maycomb, who only believe Bob Ewell because he is white. The jury gave hope to the entire courtroom, because they were discussing the trial for such a long time. When they returned Scout said that it was "dreamlike". Nobody was really surprised at the outcome, but they were disappointed.
ReplyDelete"Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passin'." page 283
In this scene, Atticus has lost and Tom Robinson has been found guilty by the all-white jury.
I think that, even though if Tom Robinson, didn’t committed the crime he will be accused of that crime on the court, just to being different from others on his race.
The theme that connects to the damage done by racism. This explain how a white man and a black man are pitted against each other in a case, the white man’s word will overpower the black man’s. this is not fair because all the man should be equal to each others. Addition Tom Robison should be found not guilty but instead he was found guilty only because a group of whites people.
I agree with you Jonnathan. Many court cases are quite similar to this one right here. It is so sad to know that so many court cases have been lost by black people just because of the racist bias that existed in the court room. Now, the jury and judges are much more fair in court.
DeleteI agree and it's terrible that he is on trial and fighting for something he did not do simply because of his race.
DeleteI agree with you, Nobody should judge anyone based on the color of the skin. The color of the skin does not determine what we do or if we are criminals, actions are the ones who determine.
Delete“‘... Mister Jem, don’t you know better’n to take your little sister to that trial? Miss Alexandra’ll absolutely have a stroke of paralysis when she finds out! Ain’t fittin’ for children to hear...’” Page 277
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Calpurnia is reprimanding Jem for going to the trial without permission, and especially for taking Scout with him. She explains that no children should hear the mature information being said at that trial.
I don’t agree with Calpurnia when she says that children shouldn’t be exposed to the things said at the trial. Children are eventually going to be exposed to harshness of life at some point, and it’s impossible to protect them from it. Similar to when Holden became frustrated when protecting Phoebe’s innocence proved to be too difficult in The Catcher In the Rye, Calpurnia is becoming frustrated when Scout is beginning to lose her innocence. It’s tough to see a child you care about become exposed to how cruel the world is, but it’s something that has to happen as a child grows up.
This scene connects to the theme of the importance of home and family. Calpurnia cares so much for Scout that she’s scolding Jem for taking her to a mature trial. All she’s trying to do is protect her innocence, but no matter how hard her family tries to prevent her from seeing the real world, she’s bound to find out that life is harsh.
I agree with you, Sabrina. I disagree with Calpurnia also. If children are going to learn about what life is really like one day, they should at least learn it in the right way. Scout is loosing her innocence just like Holden, and growing up in such a racist community she is lucky to have a father and people that can teach her what is really right. They are extremely important in Scout's growth into a young adult.
DeleteI disagree with you, Sabrina. I agree with Calpurnia that Scout shouldn’t be at the trial. I understand that it is impossible to save a child's innocence but Scout should not be hearing these emotional details of a rape case when she is this young. Of course Calpurnia can’t protect her from learning curse words and terms like rape but, she should definitely not be exposed to the tragedies that she can obviously not even understand yet.
Delete“Now you don’t be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain't ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” Page 279
ReplyDeleteIn this scene Jem is excited because he thinks that Atticus has just won the case. While Reverend Sykes says that he should not get too excited yet. He says this because he knows that they most likely won't decide in favor of a black man over a white man.
I find this disturbing because at this point the trial isn't about evidence anymore, it is about race. Today there is no way that race would matter in court. If somehow the outcome ended up having to do with race, there would be severe punishments. In The United States of America we are all seen as equal under the law. Also everyone has the right to a fair trial. Today it would not matter what race or ethnicity you are, what matters is if you are guilty or innocent. From what we see in the story, it is not fully about what happened the evening of November 21st, but it is about Tom Robinson’s race.
This scene has a lot to do with the question of, Is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? Tom Robinson is a black man up against a all white jury. There is such a small chance that he could win that you have to assume that is will be seen as guilty. It is so terrible because based on the reading there really isn't justice for everyone under the law. It is usually someones word against another's word. In this situation, it is a black man against a white man in a mainly white and racist society. It is horrible to think of how unfair this trial is for Tom.
“Now don't you be so confident, Mr. JemI ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” Page 279
ReplyDeleteIn this scene Reverend Sykes is speaking to Jem. Jem is confident that Tom Robinson is not going to be proven guilty because of wonderful job Atticus did proving Tom Robinson innocent. Although Reverend Sykes agrees with Jem, he knows that it all comes down the the juries. Because they are living in a racist community, the chances of them voting Tom Robinson innocent is unlikely.
What I find disturbing is how Reverend Sykes has never seen a jury decide in favor of a colored man. Racism is the main reason why these decisions are made. Blacks are constantly forced into situations where they are framed into things that they did not do, and proven guilty for it. This not only affects them, but their families have to suffer from it as well. Many whites are willing to see a black man suffer at any cost, which can include lying under oath, even beating up your own daughter.
The theme that connects to this scene is damage done by racism. If a white man was “raping a black girl,” the man would get away with what he did. Some will do anything they can to put black people in toughest situations, and prevent them from achieving the success that they are capable of achieving. Hopefully someday we can leave in a world where we are treated equally, and given the opportunity we all deserve.
I totally agree that a white man would get away with that. Although, he would be shunned for lowering himself to the point of being with a black woman. A racist southern community like Maycomb is not tolerant of anything that is interracial in any way.
DeleteI agree, Javen, it is completely horrifying that in not one instance, Reverend Sykes has seen a jury decide in favor of a colored man. At this time, I also agree that if it were the other way around, and a white man had raped a black girl, there is no doubt that he would have been proven not guilty.
DeleteYou’ve been here all the afternoon? Go home with Calpurnia and get your supper-- and stay home” … “You think they’ll acquit him that fast?” asked Jem. Atticus opened his mouth to answer,but shut it and left us. Chapter 21, page 277
ReplyDeleteIn these scene, Atticus is told that Scout and Jem are in the courthouse. Atticus tells them to go home and have supper. Jem and Scout beg to Atticus to be allowed to hear the venedict. Atticus says that they can return after supper, though he knows that the jury will likely have returned before then.
I strongly agree with Atticus with the fact that he wants his kids to go home and stay there until he returns. They are too young to be in a courthouse and they should not be in a place where racism is present.
The theme that connects with these scene is the importance of home and family. Atticus wants the kids to go home. Like any other dad that loves his children, he wants to protect them from the damage of racism. He does realize that they have been there all the afternoon but still he wants to save their innocence.
I like how you connect the experience to racism. The kids should not have been exposed to the racism going on in the court house. It was the right decision for Atticus to send them home with Calpurnia.
DeleteI agree to with Atticus wanting his kids to go home because I wouldn't want my kids worrying about the case and being exposed to that part of the world so early in their lives.
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ReplyDeleteI looked around. They were standing. All around us and in the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet. Reverend Sykes’s voice was as distant as Judge Taylor’s:
ReplyDelete“Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father’s passin‘.” Page 283
In this scene, Atticus and everyone else know they have lost the trial. Shamefully Atticus walks away from the crowd to leave the courthouse. Scout doesn't understand at first but soon as Jem starts to cry Scout notices what it ended up as.
I feel that this trial started off unfair. With much more evidence Atticus was ready to win this case. But just because Tom was a different color than everyone else, he goes to jail. I wonder what Mayella is thinking of. Mayella knows that Tom would never do such a thing to her. She knows how respectful and sincere he is to her.
The theme here is the true definition of courage. Atticus knew that he would either walk the road of shame or the road of fame. Atticus stood bravely and walked without a word said. It may be because he didn't want to show Scout and Jem their father in shame.
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ReplyDelete“‘Miss Jean Louise?’
ReplyDeleteI looked around. They were all standing. All around us and in the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet. Reverend Sykes voice was as distant as Judge Taylor’s:
‘Mrs. Jean Louise, stand up. Your father’s passin’.
page 283
In this scene, The trial has ended and the judge said Tom Robinson was Guilty. Atticus was walking to the exit of the courtroom. When Atticus was walking the African American in the trial stood up and showed respect to Atticus.
The African American in the Courage stood up as Atticus walk to the exit of courtroom and to stand up while someone is walking is showing how much that person respect. In this trial Atticus did his best to defend Tom Robinson and he was trying to tell the white jurors that Robinson is not guilty and be fair and equal. African American understand what was Atticus was trying to tell and how much he did to defend Tom but White jurors did’t care about it and said Tom is guilty. I agree to point of view of African American to stand up when Atticus was walking because Atticus is a brave and a
This connect to the theme of the true definition of courage. African American showed their respect and was thanksful to what Atticus have done and they have understand that Atticus defended Tom even thought he put his family and himself t danger.
“Calpurnia marched us home: “—skin every one of you alive, the very idea, you children listenin’ to all that! Mister Jem, don’t you know better’n to take your little sister to that trial? Miss Alexandra’ll absolutely have a stroke of paralysis when she finds out! Ain’t fittin’ for children to hear. . . .” p.277
ReplyDeleteThis quote to Scout and Jem from Calpurnia resembles the book theme of the importance of family and home. I believe this quote resembles that theme because Calpurnia shows how much she and Alexandra care about the children because of how worried she is for them. Also, Calpurnia, even though she’s not blood-related to the children, acts as a mother to Scout and Jem, especially because they don’t have one. She is angry at them because, like a mother, she wouldn’t want her two young children exposed to such talk of rape and crcime and racism.
I remember once I was visiting my aunt and uncle in South Carolina, and I went alone, without my parents. They treated me as their own child for the time being, and I appreciated it. I was very young and I needed someone to look after me when my parents were not there. I believe that this relates to Calpurnia and Scout and Jem because even though they’re not my parents, the still know to look after me and guide me into the right way of life, just like Calpurnia.
This reminds me of children being adopted. People all over the world adopt children from many different places, and treat the adopted children as their own. It’s wonderful.
Here is an article to talk about adoptions from all over the world:
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30386348
Hi Sonny. Great self-to-text connection. I am also very close with my grandparents and they have made me feel like their child many times when my parents are gone. I also agree how you said that Calpurnia is like a mother. She acts like one and I think does an amazing job for the kids with all that she does. She has all the good qualities a mother should have. Great article choice by the way!
DeleteI agree with you completely. Calpurnia is trying to protect the children from evils for as long as possible. She cares for them as if they were her own children. The nurturing that Jem and Scout need comes from Cal.
Delete“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man.” p279
ReplyDeleteReverend Sykes is telling Jem not to be sure that Atticus and Tom have won the case, because he has never seen a black man win against a white man before.
I think that what Reverend Sykes said is something we as a country should be ashamed of. In our Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson states that all men are created equal. How can all men be created equal when they are not treated that way? We have made a lot of progress since the civil rights movement of the 1960s, but we should still reflect on what the attitude of our country was.
This scene definitely connects to the idea of Is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? If blacks cannot win in court against whites, how is there equality? The answer is, there isn’t.
Very convincing! Not many people have used this theme but you used it perfectly!! So true, even in today's world.
DeleteI love your connection to the Declaration of Independence! It totally makes sense and I think what Reverend Sykes is telling Jem is true. Maycomb is a very racist town and Jem shouldn't be jumping to conclusions.
Delete“Guilty… guilty… guilty… guilty…” I peeked at Jem; his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each “guilty” was a separate stab between them. Page 282
ReplyDeleteThis is a quote from the trial. Scout observes her brother’s emotions as the jury reads out their verdict. Jem seems to be led into a further and further dismay every time the judge reads out a guilty.
Unfortunately, going into the courtroom that day it almost seemed that Tom was already at a disadvantage. Even though it states that the jury is made up of your peers, it seems that in Maycomb the jury would mostly be made of white men. With this in mind, it is very clear that Tom was already at a disadvantage going into the courtroom. I mean think about it, a black man is accused of rape in a very racist town and you expect a group of white men to find him not guilty? Jem shows extreme emotion because this case means more than a black man’s sentencing. It means that racism is alive and well. After reenacting the trial, I can clearly see that the evidence to put Tom to prison was not there. There were at least three reasons why it could not have been Tom. One, he cannot punch with his left arm, because it is crippled. Two, if the strangle marks are all the way around Mayella’s neck then it couldn’t have been Tom. His one good hand can’t fit around a human’s neck. And three, Mayella wasn’t consistent with her story, making it clear that she didn't know what to say. With this evidence, it is clear that Tom was found guilty with some influence based on his race.
This scene relates to, “the damage done by racism” because it puts Tom in prison for something that he seemed not to do. He seems to be put in this situation based on his race. The Ewell’s knew they could get away with blaming Tom with this crime because the jury would find him guilty. He doesn’t deserve to be put to this. He is a hard worker and very polite, in the sense that he helped Mayella many times before without pay.
I agree 100%. Tom is being wrongfully convicted for all the wrong reasons. The jury was very racist and didn't listen to the facts before deciding the verdict.
DeleteI agree with both of you completely. Tom is being convicted for no legitimate reasons at all. The only reason he's being convicted is because he's black.
Delete"Now don't be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain't never seen a jury decide in the favor of a colored man over a white man..." page 279.
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Scout and Jem returned to the court room after going home to eat dinner to see the verdict of the jury. The jury was still not back from their decision and Jem was bragging to Reverend Sykes about how Tom Robinson would plead not guilty.
Because of problems like in this scene, it was very hard for colored men and women to live back when this story took place. Although this was thought of as a problem back then, it is still a large problem in today's society, for racism is still going on.
This connects to the theme of damage done by racism. No matter how innocent Tom Robinson sounds during the trial, the jury can still plead him guilty. Since the 1930's consisted of segregation, the decisions made by many juries all across the country were biased towards who was the non-colored man in the case.
I agree, life did seem very difficult for colored folks because of the damage done by racism that impacted their lives dramatically.
Delete“Mr. Jem,” Reverend Sykes demurred, “this ain’t a polite thing for little ladies to hear…” Chapter 21,Page 279.
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Reverend Sykes is talking to Jem about how the discussion of rape and violence, is not appropriate for Scout. Jem tells Mr. Sykes that Scout doesn’t understand. Scout claims to know what they are saying when she actually does not.
I strongly agree with Reverend Sykes in that certain topics should not be heard by or discussed with young children. Many parents are afraid to see their child’s loss of innocence. In example, when a young child goes on a bus with older kids, they are bound to hear a curse word.. When I was younger, there would be times where my parents would make me leave the room during a discussion that was too mature for me and make me close my eyes when watching a rated r movie. As I grew older I realized that they made me do those things for my own good. They were trying to keep me from learning horible things or falling into bad habits.
This scene relates to the theme of the importance of home and family. Jem and Reverend Sykes try to keep Scout from hearing about the problems that go on in Maycomb. She is not mature enough to understand. You wouldn’t want your child or younger sibling to be exposed to inappropriate things.
I completely agree! a heads up is that another great theme that would fit in is loss of innocence. Even though it's not one from the paper, it perfectly fits the situation!
Delete“I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man.” Page 279.
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Reverend Sykes is talking to Jem and Scout while the jury is coming to a verdict. Jem is confident that they will find Tom Robinson innocent but, Reverend Sykes seems to be doubtful.
I find it horrible to think that a jury never favored a colored man over a white man. It’s unfair that back in the 1930s that the jury was made up of all white men, especially because many white men were racist. The law system wasn’t just but it’s not completely fair now either. I think the US law system has improved greatly and is definitely as fair as it could be but many people think otherwise. I researched about what other people thought the law system is just or not and the results were very interesting. This is one article trying to prove it’s racist. https://www.opendemocracy.net/bill-quigley/14-shocking-facts-that-prove-us-criminal-justice-system-is-racist
This scene reflects two important themes in the book. One being the damage caused by racism and the other being justice in the US law system. This scene truly does show how unjust the law system was in the 1930s. The jury was only made up of white men and it wasn’t even expected that a black man could be found innocent if the prosecutor is white. This also shows the damage done by racism because African Americans had been treated with so much disrespect that a black man like Reverend Sykes couldn’t even be hopeful for Tom Robinson to be proven innocent.
“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” page 279
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Reverend Sykes tells Jem not to be so confident with his father's case. Reverend Sykes explains to Jem that in all of the court cases he has attended, he has never seen a white man be convicted guilty over a black man.
It's upsetting that Reverend Sykes has never seen a successful colored man case. In my opinion it doesn't necessarily surprise me because that's what the time period was like. We all are far enough in the book to know that it wasn't a very good time for African-Americans. I also agree with Reverend Sykes' statement towards Jem because he got his hopes up to early. You should never declare the outcome of a situation until the end. For example, in one of my lacrosse games we played this really good team. As we walked onto the field everyone on my team said, "Oh no! We're definitely going to lose." Turns out, we won, therefore, you can never judge a situation until you know what the outcome will be.
The theme that relates to this scene is the damage done by racism. Reverend Sykes does not want to be negative but he realized the setting they were in and understood what the outcome would be. Reverend Sykes doesn't want to jump to conclusions but unfortunately, he understands that Tom will be convicted guilty to the color of his skin.
“I shut my eyes. Judge Taylor was polling the jury: Guilty… guilty… guilty… guilty… I peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each
ReplyDelete“guilty” was a separate stab between them.”
Page 282
In this scene Scout is talking about Judge Taylor polling the jury and how every single juror found Tom Robinson guilty.
What I find disturbing is that clearly there are not enough facts to convict Tom, but every single juror found him guilty. This speaks volumes to the racism in Maycomb County during the Great Depression. In contrast to today, I believe that now a days, racism has been abolished to the point where if a case like this were to occur, all of the jurors would find Tom not guilty instead of guilty.
The theme that this scene connects to is, is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? Clearly this scene shows that the answer to that question is no. There is not justice for all under the law in the United States. The prosecution did not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Tom was guilty, all they had was the world of a white woman against a black man. However, unfortunately that was enough for the jury to find Tom Robinson guilty.
Sam, I agree. Today, there would've needed to be physical evidence of rape in order to convict Tome. This goes against the "innocent until proven guilty" law evident in the sixth amendment.
Delete“He’s not supposed to lean, Reverend Sykes. But don’t fret, we’ve won it. Don’t see how any jury could convict based on what we heard-”
ReplyDelete“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I’ve never seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man...” Page 279
In this scene, Jem and Reverend Sykes are discussing what they think the outcome of the trial will be. Jem is overly confident about his fathers chances of winning, but the reverend is skeptical to see a white jury let a black man go free.
I dislike how pessimistic the reverend is about what he thinks Toms chances are for going free. It reminds me of an article that discusses how race plays a role in trials. In it, it says that African Americans make up only 12% of the American population, but 40% of people in prison are African American. It shows that the justice system has a flaw, race. Its a crazy fact, but its relevance to the story is clear, even though we are seperated from this trial by many decades. http://www.crf-usa.org/brown-v-board-50th-anniversary/the-color-of-justice.html.
This connects to the theme of how race affects life. The reverend has been exposed to a racist jury and justice system so long, he is skeptical of the outcome of a case that should not have ever been taken, seeing that there is not any evidence to convict Tom. Tom clearly has not done anything wrong, and this was proven by Atticus, but still the community is scared that he will be convicted. This quote also connects to the question of if there is really justice for all under the law. As I said before, Tom should have never been even brought to court, because the only evidence against him was word of mouth. He is tried for being a black man who was running away because he was scared.
"Miss Jean Louise?"
ReplyDeleteI looked around. They were all standing. All around us and in the balcony on the opposite wall, the Negroes were getting to their feet. Reverend Sykes was as distant as Judge Taylor's: "Mrs. Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passin'." Pg. 283
In this scene, the trial has ended and Tom Robinson was found guilty by the jury. As Atticus makes his way to the exit, the African Americans sitting towards the back of the courtroom all stand together in unison to show how much respect that have for him.
Although Tom was found guilty, the black community recognizes the strength needed for a white man to defend a black man during this historical time period. Standing up for anyone is courageous, but to stand up for someone of a different race during the 1930's meant much more. Atticus has a very selfless character where he thinks of others before himself. This characteristic showed along with his bravery and fortitude.
The theme that connects to this scene is the true definition of courage. Atticus knew what his job was and what had to be done. Many other lawyers wouldn't be up to the task, but Atticus blocked out the negative comments and went through with it. This was a very risky thing to do; defend a man of a different race. However, the African Americans acknowledged Atticus' efforts on defending Tom Robinson to the best of his ability.
ReplyDelete“Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man.”- Page 277
In this scene Jem is confident and hopeful of Atticus winning this case and Tom Robinson being found not guilty. He shares his thoughts with Reverend Skyes who then tells him not to get his hopes up, because according to him he has never seen the jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man.
I find this scene to be disturbing. The justice system is very unfair and cruel to the colored folks. It bothers me how a community can instantly dislike and even loathe a person for their race rather their personality. The white folks automatically believed black people were bad people. Greatfully today progression has been made and all people have equal rights and racism is not as severe as it was back then.
In the setting of the novel there was not justice for all under the United States Law System, which is a major theme in the novel. The jury is composed of 12 white men who decide the fate of the defendant. In the above quote Reverend Skyes shares with Jem that he has never seen the jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man, which reveals that there is not justice for everyone, especially colored folks.
I agree, I find it disturbing that they did not even care what really happened. Tom was black and that meant that he was automatically wrong and should go to jail.
Delete“Jem was chuckling ‘Don’t you wanna hear about it Cal?’”
ReplyDeleteIn this scene Jem is mocking Calpurnia because she doesn’t think children should be exposed to people talking about what is usually considered adult conversations. I can relate to this because I have had to take my younger cousins into different rooms because my family wanted to have an “adult conversation.” I understood that it was for good my cousins because they got to play instead of listening to adults talking about things they deemed bad enough for them to hear.
This quote relates to the theme of the importance of home and family. Atticus typically lets his children do anything or listen to anything within reason.
“ Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain't never seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man....” ( Page 279)
ReplyDeleteIn this part of the chapter, Jem and Reverend Sykes were talking about what they thought the outcome of the trial would be. Jem was very hopeful but Mr. Reverend Sykes did not seem so sure that it would turn out in their favor.
I think that sometimes Jem tries to act very grown up, but in moments like this we can see that he is still young by the way he acts and thinks. He does not fully understand why the jury wouldn’t say that Tom was innocent. In his eyes, and in most of the eyes of the non-racist people watching ,Tom was innocent. The difference between Jem and the rest of the non-racist men and women in there was that they understand how the times were and how bad the racism was back then. I found an article about nine young black men who were wrongly accused of the rape of two white women. The white woman knew the truth but still agreed to testify against the nine young men. An all white jury convicted them and all but one of the nine boys were sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. (The link to the article is down below)
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_scotts.html
The theme that best fits with this section is the damage done by racism. The fact that people back then felt that it was okay to send an innocent human to jail or sentence them to death because if the color of their skin is horrible. If there were more men like Atticus and Jem on the jury who looked to see if someone was really innocent instead of looking at what skin color they had, the law system back then would have been much more fair and there would not have been as many innocent people rotting in jail.
ReplyDeleteChapter 21: “Now don’t you be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man…” (Page 279)
In this scene, Jem believes that Tom is not guilty but Reverend Sykes let Jem know that they still have a good chance of losing the case because he has never seen a jury choose in the favor of a colored man against a white man.
During this historical period this type of prejudice was very common. Only on rare occasions would a colored man win a case in court over a white man. Black people were viewed as lesser human beings than white people in that time period. While in America today people are supposed to be treated equally, it was only 70 years ago that the races were treated so differently. People lives and futures can depend on what happens in court and the people who were on Tom's jury should have considered what was more important: Tom's race or the truth. It is not fair how the jury is all white because it only makes sense in a time like that how the jurors might let a white person go just because he is white. It is very disappointing to think that court was not fair and some African Americans went through things that they shouldn't have.
The two themes that relate to this scene are; the damage done by racism and is there really justice for all in the United States. Back then the whole court system was one-sided. Reverend Sykes explained how he had never seen a black man win in court and it sounds like he may not see it happen for a while. Atticus knew it was a long shot to win the case and he was sadly correct. From what I read I felt that Tom’s side of the story was true and Mayella’s was false. There is clearly not justice for all because Tom lost. Although the jury may have made the correct decision, to me the evidence given, made me second guess the jury’s decision. It only makes sense because the jury consisted of 12 white males. There was clearly not justice for all and that was due to the racism back then. It could be completely obvious that Tom should win the case but since there are 12 white males it only makes sense in that time for them to go with their own race.
“Now don’t be so confident, Mr. Jem, I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man….” Chapter 21, Page 279
ReplyDeleteIn this scene Jem and Scout have just gotten back from eating dinner with an angry Aunt Alexandria and a disappointed Calpurnia. Aunt Alexandria is upset because they are allowed to go back to the trial and Calpurnia is disappointed because when the children were told to go home they went back to the trial. Upon arrival back to the trial Jem and Scout notice the court has not moved much and that their seats where saved by Reverend Sykes. Jem is very confident that Atticus has one the case but, the Reverend is quick to tell him not to be so sure because he has not ever seen a jury side with a black man over a white man.
This quotes upsets me for many reasons. One reason that this quote upsets me is because the jury supposedly will take into account Tom’s skin color as something to hold against him. Atticus could have the better case, and Mr. Gilmore may not have enough evidence to support his clients accusation but, due to the fact that Tom has black skin they will take the Ewell’s word over his. In contrast to today a jury would never use someone’s skin color against them. They base their decisions on the evidence placed in front of them.
This quote connects to the theme of is there really justice for all under United States’s law? Back in the 1930’s when this book takes place there was not justice for all. African American’s were at a disadvantage solely because of their skin color. Juries would use that against you back when segregation was an issue and ideas like the Jim Crow laws were in effect. In regards to today, we have made great leaps from where we were now there is justice for all under the United States law system.
ReplyDelete” Now you don’t be so confident Mr.Jem , I ain’t ever seen any jury decide in favor of a colored man over a white man” Pg 279
In this scene Reverend Sykes is telling and explaining to Jem why the jury will not side with their argument.
I feel that in that time period no one wanted to be the one to defend a colored man because they were scared of what would happen to them . Also they were very biased , even though they knew Tom could ever do that to a women they made him guilty only because he’s colored. Lastly,it made me feel as if there should be no trial if they knew from the start that Tom was going to be guilty anyway.
This scene connects to the theme is there really justice for all under the law in the United States? Even to this day police are assaulting colored men , just because they are colored and for no other reason . Many people ignore and go on with their day knowing that everyday someone is being harassed for nothing but the color they are and nothing else.
On PG# 278 Scout states, "Jem was chuckling. "Don't you want to hear about it, Cal?" Calpurnia: "Hush your mouth, sir! When you oughta be hangin' in shame you go along laughin".
ReplyDeleteIn this scene, Scout and Jem arrive home after their long dramatic day at the courthouse. Jem starts his conversation with calpurnia with, “Don’t you want to hear about it”, in a semi joyful way. He is obviously criticized by her for making such a situation seem ignorant and plain, something she isn’t pleased about.
The quote contains the theme of lack of understandings. A text-to-world similarity is that many conflicts and wars throughout history have been fueled by hate, hate that derives from a lack understandings of turning point events or groups of people.